Mt. Raung

Seen from its vegetation, Mount Raung owns Dipterocarp Hill, Dipterokarp Top forest, Montane forest, and Ericaceous forest or mountain forest.

1. Kabupaten Bondowoso
2. Kabupaten Banyuwangi
3. Kabupaten Jember

2.1 Kecamatan Songgon; 2.2 Kecamatan Glenmore; 2.3 Kecamatan Kalibaru

3.1 Kecamatan Silo; 3.2 Kecamatan Ledokombo; 3.3 Kecamatan Sumberjambe

1.2.1 Desa Rejo Agung

1.3.1 Desa Jampit

2.1.1 Desa Sumberarum

2.2.1 Desa Margomulyo

2.3.1 Desa Kalibaruwetan

3.1.1 Desa Sumberjati

3.2.1 Desa Sumber Salak; 3.2.2 Desa Slateng;

3.3.1  Desa Gunung Malang;

• The history of Mt. Raung’s first known activity occurred in 1586, in the form of a devastating eruption struck several regions and there were human victims, the next is shown in the table below.
• 1586; There was a huge explosion and known to the human victims (Verbeek and Fennema, 1896)
• 1597; Similar eruptions in the eruption of 1586 and recorded human casualties
• 1638; There was a massive eruption, followed by a massive flood and lava flows that struck the area between K. Stail and K. Klatak. Human casualties reach thousands of people. At that time stood the Kingdom of the White Tiger under Prince Tawangulun (Brouwer, 1913, p.60-65)
• 1730; The eruption of ash that was accompanied by lava that struck a large area and reported many human casualties
• 1787 – 1799; The eruption occurred at the time of the Harris Resident government, no further details were found.
• 1800 – 1808; The eruption occurred during the reign of Resident Malleod, no further details were found.
• 1812 – 1814; The eruption was accompanied by a roar and ash rain.
• 1815; There was ash rain in Besuki and Probolinggo between April 4 and 12. Neumann van Padang (1951) doubted the eruption, allegedly this ash rain came from the eruption of G. Tambora in Sumbawa.
• 1817; Broken soil and human casualties
• 1838; Faulty soil
• 1859; On December 14, 1941, there was no further information
• 1860; The eruption that occurred this year is not known with certainty, allegedly occurred in September (?)
• 1864; there was a roar and in the darkness of the day, which began on 6 July, presumably possibly caused by ash rain
• 1881; Clumps of smoke accompanied by a roar, there was a thin ash of rain around Banyuwangi (Ottolander, 1881)
• 1885; Suspected eruption in June, no further details
• 1890; There was an eruption from July, August to mid September. Paroximal eruption occurred on 13 September
• 1896; There was an earthquake in Kayumas (Besuki), a roar followed by ash rain in August
• 1902; The emergence of the central cone on February 16th
• 1903 – 1904; There was a roar and roaring fire at the top on November 28 – December 2
• 1913; There was a lump of smoke on May 10 through December
• 1915; There was a roar and followed by a cloud of smoke
• 1916; There was a roar and followed by a cloud of smoke (November, December)
• 1917; There was a roar and followed by a cloud of smoke
• 1921; The presence of lava flows within the caldera of February – April
• 1924; A throw of efflata around the caldera and lava shrine, before February
• 1927; Smoke fumes and accompanied by ash ash up to 30 km. There was a bomb thrown about 500 m, 2 August to October
• 1928; There is a red gap at the bottom of the caldera that lava, March and November
• 1929; Between March and June, similar to what happened in 1928
• 1933; November 21-December 6
• 1936; 22-31 August, 18 September, November-11 December
• 1937; 27-31 October and 21-27 November
• 1938; 13 August-September and 14 November-28 December
• 1939; January 10th
• 1940; doubtful
• 1941; December 13th
• 1943; January 18th
• 1944; January 30-November 30. Possibility of lava flow in the caldera
• 1945; January 20 and April 19
• 1953; There was a smoke eruption on 31 January. Smoke burned with a bang until March 18. High eruption clouds reach ± ​​6 km above the peak and the distribution of ash reaches radius ± 200 km
• 1956; Eruption activity between February 13-19 and paroximal eruption occurred on 19 February. The height of the eruption smoke column is estimated to be ± 12 km. The sound of boom lasted about 4 hours sounded far to Surabaya and Malang. Ash rain spreads and falls to Bali and Surabaya.
• 1961; Increase in activity on 26 April
• 1973; It is rumored that the activity has increased since the end of 1972. Hadian (1973) visited the summit, but the situation is normal again. Almost the entire surface of the crater is covered by a lava flow coming out of a cone located at the center of the crater base. The entire surface of the cylinder cone is covered by sulfur, as well as in the northern part of the crater base. A bow-shaped face facing the middle is on the northeast. A fumarola bush is present at the top of the cylinder cone, on the above fracture, and in the western lava part
• 1989; Ash eruption

The character of the eruption of Mount Raung is explosive as it happened in 1586, 1597, 1638, 1890, 1953, and 1956, producing ash thrown into the air and ever hot clouds that glide over the body of the mountain in 1953. The main hazard of Mount Raung eruption or primary hazards are the immediate hazards of eruptions such as hot clouds and pyroclastic flushing.

Eruption Period. Based on the history of its activities the shortest eruption period between 2 eruptions is 1 year and the longest 90 years.

1. vsi.esdm.go.id; May 2018
2. id.wikipedia.org; May 2018;
3. geomagz.geologi.esdm.go.id; May 2018
4. tribunnews.com; May 2018
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1. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Badan Geologi (Link; drive.google.com)

2. Erupsi Raung Juli 2015 Sebagai Laboratorium Alam Fisika; KENDID MAHMUDI,  Pascasarjana Program Studi Pengajaran Fisika Institut Teknologi Bandung; FIKROTURROFIAH SUWANDI PUTRI,  Pascasarjana Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta; LILIK HENDRAJAYA, Fisika Institut Teknoogi Bandung; SEMINAR NASIONAL FISIKA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 2015 (Link; drive.google.com)
3. ANALISIS NON LINIER TREMOR VULKANIK GUNUNGAPI RAUNG JAWA TIMUR–INDONESIA; Arin Wildani, Program Pasca Sarjana Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Brawijaya; Sukir Maryanto, Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Brawijaya; Hendra Gunawan, Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi; Hetty Triastuty, Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi; Muhammad Hendrasto, Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi; November 2013  (Link; drive.google.com)
4. Fisika Gunung Api : Mengapa Gunung Raung Meraung?; Kendid Mahmudi, Enjang J. Mustopa, dan Lilik Hendrajaya; Prosiding Simposium Nasional Inovasi dan Pembelajaran Sains 2015 (SNIPS 2015); 8 dan 9 Juni 2015, Bandung, Indonesia (Link; drive.google.com)
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