Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is a national park in East Java, Indonesia which has a west-east stretch of about 20-30 kilometers and its north-south about 40 km is set since 1982 with an area of ​​about 50,276.3 ha.

Before being designated as a national park, Tengger area is a forest area that serves as a nature reserve and forest tours. This forest area serves as a protected forest and production forest. Seeing these various functions, the World Congress of National Parks confirmed the Bromo Tengger Semeru area as a national park in a meeting held in Denpasar, Bali, on October 14, 1982 for the consideration of nature and the environment that need to be protected as well as various ancient traditional potentials that need to be developed . On November 12, 1992, the Indonesian government inaugurated the Bromo Tengger Semeru area into a national park.

Mount Bromo including part of one of the mountains in the Tengger Mountain Complex.

1. Kabupaten Pasuruan,
2. Kabupaten Malang,
3. Kabupaten Lumajang dan
4. Kabupaten Probolinggo

2.1 Kecamatan Jabung; 2.2 Kecamatan Poncokusumo; 2.3 Kecamatan Wajak; 2.4 Kecamatan Ampelgading

3.1 Kecamatan Pronojiwo; 3.2 Kecamatan Candipuro; 3.3 Kecamatan Pasrujambe; 3.4 Kecamatan Senduro; 3.5 Kecamatan Gucialit

4.1 Kecamatan Sumber; 4.2 Kecamatan Sukapura

core zone area dominated by several families, namely: Moraceae, Araliaceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae. At the level of shrubs, the forest is dominated by the family of Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Verbenaceae and Zingiberaceae as well as several types of lianas belonging to the Piperaceae family, Araceae and Polypodiaceae.

In this region there are 158 species of Orchids 40 of which are classified as rare, among them are Malaxis purpureonervosa (endemic South Semeru) and Habenaria tosariensis (endemic). Meanwhile, Macodes pentola is a type of orchid protected by law.

This area is also known as “Land of Edelweiss”. In this region have identified 3 types of Edelweiss, namely: Anaphalis longofilia, Anaphalis javanica and Anaphalis viscida.

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Based on time-series inventory results in this area, there are at least 14 Javanese Eagles at Resort PTN in Block Bendolawang and Coban Trisula.

Mammals; There are 18 species of mammals within the park and 14 of them have high conservation value, among others: mongoose (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), deer (Deer timorensis), long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Manis javanica, The Leopard of Java (Panthera pardus), Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus), Hystryx branchyura, Laricus sp.,, Leopards (Panthera pardus melas), ajag (Cuon alpinus javanicus), and Muntiacus muntjak. Of the several species mentioned above, Leopard and Javan langur became a priority species to be saved. In mid-2016, a trap camera mounted by the national park managed to capture a picture of a Panthera pardus with a location on Mount Kukusan, PTN Resort Coban Trisula, Section State II State, Region I State.

Javan langur is an endemic primate species of Java and Bali. Low reproductive rates and the absence of breeding seasons in this species cause a limited population. Trachypithecus auratus only has a single offspring, so damage to the habitat is feared will further lead to a decline in population. This type can be found in Block Ireng-Ireng and Coban Trisula. In 2006, the Java Lutung release by PPS (Wildlife Rescue Center) of Sewu Petung was 41 heads released at 14 point in Ireng-ireng Block

Reptile; Based on the results of the inventory, there are at least 11 species of reptiles in the area of ​​national parks, among others: Snake Spoon Java or Snake Cobra Java (Naja sputatrix), Water Snake (Cerberus rynchops), Snake Ganduk Luwuk / Snake Green Tree (Cryptelytrops albolabris), Snake Land ( Agkistrodon rhodostoma), danBunglon (Bronchocela kuhlii).

Insecta; Based on the results of the inventory, there are at least 14 types of Insecta among them are: Butterfly (Delias aurantiaca), Butterfly (Appias lyncida), Blue-wing butterfly (Graphium sarpedon), Butterfly King (Papilio amphrysus), bow Orange butterfly (Papilio paris), and butterflies Large (triodes cuneifera).

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1. bromotenggersemeru.org; Agustus 2017 
2. malangkab.go.id; Agustus 2017
3. id.wikipedia.org; Agustus 2017
4. exploregunung.net; Agustus 2017

1. Statistik Dirjen KSDAE 2015; Dirjen KSDAE (Link: drive.google.com)
2. PERDA NOMOR 5 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG RENCANA TATA RUANG WILAYAH PROVINSI TAHUN 2011—2031; PEMERINTAH  PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR (Link:drive.google.com)
3. TAMAN NASIONAL BROMO TENGGER SEMERU DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT; VANYA ANNISANINGRUM, DEPARTEMEN SAINS KOMUNIKASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT, FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA, INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR, 2015 (Link: drive.google.com)
4. Kajian Ekologi Tumbuhan Obat Langka di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru; SYAMSUL HIDAYAT&ROSNIATI A RISNA, Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), 2007 (Link: drive.google.com)
5. Pengembangan Wilayah dengan Konsep Ekowisata, Studi Kasus Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Taman Nasional Bromo-Tengger-Semeru; Santika P, Annisa H.K., Ali Wijaya dan Lidya Y., Jurusan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Fakultas Tekhnik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Institut Tekhnologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, 2016 (Link: drive.google.com)